USING STORED HUMAN MILK

Hari ni menjadi kekeliruan di KIM tntg jangka hayat susu yg telah dipanaskan. Ok, saya telah merujuk pada Puan Rita Rahayu, beberapa website, dan yg saya letakkan di sini adalah dari THE ACADEMY OF BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE PROTOCOL COMMITTEE.

Standard ini telah digunakan oleh Doktor dan juga pengamal perubatan.

ABM CLINICAL PROTOCOL 8 - HUMAN MILK STORAGE INFORMATION FOR HOME USE FOR FULL-TERM INFANTS (ORIGINAL PROTOCOL MARCH 2004, REVISION 1 MARCH 2010)


1. Fresh milk is better than frozen milk. Use the oldest
milk in the refrigerator or freezer first.

2. The baby may drink the milk cool, at room temperature,
or warmed. Infants may demonstrate a preference.

3. It is best to defrost human milk either in the refrigerator
overnight, by running under warm water, or setting it
in a container of warm water. Studies done on defrosting
human milk in a microwave demonstrate that
controlling the temperature in a microwave is difficult,
causing the milk to heat unevenly.30 Although microwaving
milk decreases bacteria in the milk much like
pasteurization does, microwaving also significantly
decreases the anti-infective quality of human milk,
which may reduce its overall health properties for the
infant.31,32

4. Once frozen milk is brought to room temperature, its
ability to inhibit bacterial growth is lessened, especially
by 24 hours after thawing.27 Previously frozen human
milk that has been thawed for 24 hours should not be
left out at room temperature for more than a few hours.

5. There is little information on refreezing of thawed
human milk. Bacterial growth and loss of antibacterial
activity in thawed milk will vary depending on the technique of milk thawing, duration of the thaw, and
the amount of bacteria in the milk at the time of expression.
At this time no recommendations can be made
on the refreezing of thawed human milk.

6. Once a baby begins drinking expressed human milk,
some bacterial contamination occurs in the milk from
the baby’s mouth. The duration of time the milk can be
kept at room temperature once the baby has partially
fed from the cup or bottle would theoretically depend
on the initial bacterial load in the milk, how long the
milk has been thawed, and the ambient temperature.
There have been no studies done to provide recommendations
in this regard. Based on related evidence
thus far, it seems reasonable to discard the remaining
milk within 1–2 hours after the baby is finished feeding.

7. Expressed human milk does not require special handling
(such as universal precautions), as is required for
other bodily fluids such as blood. It can be stored in a
workplace refrigerator where other workers store food,
although it should be labeled with name and date.33
Mothers may prefer to store their milk in a personal
freezer pack.

8. Uncontaminated human milk naturally contains nonpathogenic
bacteria34,35 and is important in establishing the
neonatal intestinal flora. These bacteria are probiotics—
they create conditions in the intestine that are unfavorable
to the growth of pathogenic organisms.35 If a mother
has breast or nipple pain from what is considered to be
a bacterial or yeast infection, there is no evidence that
her stored expressed milk needs to be discarded. Human
milk that appears stringy, foul, or purulent should
not be fed to the baby.